تابستان - ۱
درخت عرعر اشغالگر سبز
درخت وارداتی٫ آلرژی زا ٫ سمی ٫سرکوب کننده گونه های محلی و درختی که در کشورهای دیگر به عنوان یک گونه بسیار مخرب و زیان آور شناخته شده است امروز در کشور ما برای ایجاد فضای سبز کاشته می شود! در چند روز آینده تصاویر این درخت ( که در ایران تهیه شده) را در این صفحه می آوریم . 
Invasive Species
Ailanthus altissima - Tree of Heaven
Ailanthus altissima (pronounced /eɪˈlænθəs ælˈtɪsɪmə/[1]), commonly known as tree of heaven, ailanthus, or in Standard Mandarin as chouchun (Chinese: 臭椿; pinyin: chòuchūn), is a deciduous tree in the Simaroubaceae family. It is native to both northeast and central China and Taiwan. Unlike other members of the genus Ailanthus, it is found in temperate climates rather than the tropics. The tree grows rapidly and is capable of reaching heights of 15 metres (50 ft) in 25 years. However, the species is also short lived and rarely lives more than 50 years.
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MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
Elimination of Ailanthus requires diligence, due to its abundant seed production, high seed germination rate, and vegetative reproduction. Followup monitoring and treatment when needed should be an integral part of any serious ailanthus management program. Regardless of method selected, treated areas should be rechecked one or more times a year and any new suckers or seedlings treated (cut, sprayed or pulled) as soon as possible, especially before they are able to rebuild root reserves. Establishing a thick cover of trees (non-invasive and preferably native) or grass sod will help shade out and discourage establishment of ailanthus seedlings. Targeting large female trees for control will help reduce spread of ailanthus by seed.
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Impact : Crowds out native species; damages pavement and building foundations in urban areas
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In every walk with nature one receives far more than he seeks.
- John Muir 
A journey of 1000 miles begins with a single step.
- Lao Tzu 
آداب طبیعت گردی
برای حفظ پوشش گیاهی طبیعت و کوهستان از لگدمال کردن گیاهان و از شکستن شاخه های درختان ٫ نهالان و بوته های وحشی خودداری فرمائید. از راه های مالرو و مشخص شده استفاده نمائید و از میان بر زدن و راه های بیراهه خودداری فرمائید. گیاهان و گلهای وحشی را نچینید و آنها را از ریشه در نیاورید٫ در صورتی که اهل سلیقه هستید با عکاسی از گیاهان زیبایی آنها را به همراه خود به خانه ببرید. جهت حفظ زیبایی و کیفیت دست نخوردگی طبیعت از درست نمودن سنگچین و یا گسترش سنگچین های موجود به عنوان نشانه یا علامت خودداری نمائید. از نوشتن نام خود و یا گروه کوهنوردی بوسیله رنگ و سایر ابزار بر روی دیوار پناهگاهها٫ جانپناه ها و یا درختان و صخره ها در مسیر کوهنوردی یا روی قلل خودداری کنید. به هنگام صعود از مسیرهای مشخص از دستکاری علائم راهنمای قلل یا مسیر کوهنوردی و خدشه دار کردن آنها جدأ خودداری فرمائید. زباله ها ی خود را جمع آوری و همراه خود به پائین بیاورید و از رها نمودن آنها و یا از چال کردن و مخفی نمودن زباله ها٫ در پشت سنگ ها جدأ خودداری نمائید. با احتیاط کامل در کوه٫ جنگل و مراتع از آتش استفاده نموده و با اطمینان کامل از خاموشی آتش محل را ترک نمائید. از آلوده نمودن آب بخصوص در سرچشمه ها و امتداد رودخانه ها جدأ خودداری نمائید. از ایجاد صدای بلند و غیر ضروری که سبب وحشت حیوانات و پرندگان می شود و آرامش دیگران و طبیعت را برهم می زند جدأ خودداری نمائید. 
Salamanders, Regenerative Wonders, Heal Like Mammals, People
ScienceDaily (July 2, 2009) — The salamander is a superhero of regeneration, able to replace lost limbs, damaged lungs, sliced spinal cord -- even bits of lopped-off brain.
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Ant colony crosses continents
Those ants crawling across your picnic table this weekend might be members of a massive, transnational ant mafia, recently reported by researchers in Japan and Spain.
Billions of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) from North America, Europe and Japan are not only interrelated, but when introduced to foreign cousins they get along like old amigos—an unusual reaction for this otherwise hostile breed—reports the BBC.
The conquering colony is composed of three distinct super-colonies—one in California (560 miles, or 900 kilometers, long), one along the Mediterranean coast (3,700 miles, or 6,000 kilometers, long) and one in Kobe, Japan—that all share similar genetic make-ups, and therefore familiar chemical cues.
“The enormous extent of this population is paralleled only by human society,” the researchers wrote in the paper, published in Insectes Sociaux, a journal about social behavior in insects.
Humans are, of course, the reason for the colony’s breadth. People have been accidentally spreading the invasive ants—originally from South America—around the globe for a century and continue to circulate the mega-colony members. The species now inhabits more than a dozen countries and all six of the livable continents.
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Rain Zone Moving North
An article in Nature Geoscience predicts that the rainiest area on Earth, the intertropical convergence zone, is moving steadily north. Christie Nicholson reports
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Snakes rattle war-torn Iraq
Venom has now joined violence on Iraq’s danger list.
As the country’s waterways run dry, snakes are moving into human territory, The Independent reported yesterday. Poisonous reptiles—including the saw-scaled viper, desert horned viper and desert cobra—are attacking humans and livestock in southern Iraq at an unprecedented rate.
Snakes that thrived in moist marshes in the country are now fleeing their parched habitats for nearby towns. Six people have been killed and 13 poisoned, along with the losses of countless cows. "I will leave the region if this continues," Jabbar Salleh, a farmer in the southern province of Nasiriyah, told the AFP earlier this month. .........
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Air Pollution From Freeway Extends One And A Half Miles Away
ScienceDaily (June 2009) — Environmental health researchers from UCLA, the University of Southern California and the California Air Resources Board have found that during the hours before sunrise, freeway air pollution extends much further than previously thought.
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............کیه اینقدر سر و صدا می کنه ٫ بعضی از این آدما چقدر بی ملاحضه هستند. شیطونی میگه برم پائین یک
